Effects of ceramic additives and bioactive coatings on the degradation of polylactic acid-based bone scaffolds under hydrolytic conditions.

Polylactic acid (PLA) has been extensively used for the manufacturing of scaffolds in bone tissue engineering applications. Due to the low hydrophilicity and the acidic degradation process of this biomaterial, different strategies have been proposed to increase the biofunctionality of the support structure. The use of ceramic particles is a generally preferred option to increase the osteoconductivity of the base material, while acting as buffers to maintain the pH level of the surroundings tissues. Surface modification is another approach to overcome the limitations of PLA for tissue engineering applications. In this work, the degradation profile of 3D-printed PLA scaffolds containing beta-tricalcium phosphate (ß-TCP) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3 ) particles has been studied under hydrolytic conditions. Composite samples treated with plasma and coated with Aloe vera extracts were also studied to evaluate the effect of this surface modification method. The characterization of the 3D structures included its morphological, calorimetric and mechanical evaluation. According to the results obtained, the proposed composite scaffolds allowed an adequate maintenance of the pH level of the surrounding medium, with no effects observed on the morphology and mechanical properties of these structures. Hence, these samples showed potential to be further investigated as candidates for bone tissue regeneration.

Sheep condyle model evaluation of bone marrow cell concentrate combined with a scaffold for repair of large osteochondral defects.

AIMS: Minimally manipulated cells, such as autologous bone marrow concentrates (BMC), have been investigated in orthopaedics as both a primary therapeutic and augmentation to existing restoration procedures. However, the efficacy of BMC in combination with tissue engineering is still unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine whether the addition of BMC to an osteochondral scaffold is safe and can improve the repair of large osteochondral defects when compared to the scaffold alone. METHODS: The ovine femoral condyle model was used. Bone marrow was aspirated, concentrated, and used intraoperatively with a collagen/hydroxyapatite scaffold to fill the osteochondral defects (n = 6). Tissue regeneration was then assessed versus the scaffold-only group (n = 6). Histological staining of cartilage with alcian blue and safranin-O, changes in chondrogenic gene expression, microCT, peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT), and force-plate gait analyses were performed. Lymph nodes and blood were analyzed for safety. RESULTS: The results six months postoperatively showed that there were no significant differences in bone regrowth and mineral density between BMC-treated animals and controls. A significant upregulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) for types I and II collagens in the BMC group was observed, but there were no differences in the formation of hyaline-like cartilage between the groups. A trend towards reduced sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG) breakdown was detected in the BMC group but this was not statistically significant. Functional weightbearing was not affected by the inclusion of BMC. CONCLUSION: Our results indicated that the addition of BMC to scaffold is safe and has some potentially beneficial effects on osteochondral-tissue regeneration, but not on the functional endpoint of orthopaedic interest. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):677-689.

Comparison of CAD and Voxel-Based Modelling Methodologies for the Mechanical Simulation of Extrusion-Based 3D Printed Scaffolds.

Porous structures are of great importance in tissue engineering. Most scaffolds are 3D printed, but there is no single methodology to model these printed parts and to apply finite element analysis to estimate their mechanical behaviour. In this work, voxel-based and geometry-based modelling methodologies are defined and compared in terms of computational efficiency, dimensional accuracy, and mechanical behaviour prediction of printed parts. After comparing the volumes and dimensions of the models with the theoretical and experimental ones, they are more similar to the theoretical values because they do not take into account dimensional variations due to the printing temperature. This also affects the prediction of the mechanical behaviour, which is not accurate compared to reality, but it makes it possible to determine which geometry is stiffer. In terms of comparison of modelling methodologies, based on process efficiency, geometry-based modelling performs better for simple or larger parts, while voxel-based modelling is more advantageous for small and complex geometries.

Gestos humanos ¿herencia o crianza? / Human gestures inheritance or parenting?

El Documental, nos da a ver de un modo peculiar un experimento realizado con seres humanos en la década del ´60. El escenario que recorta arbitra la apertura para diferentes ejes de interés que atañen a la ética como dilemas, pero a su vez, problemas que la práctica misma construye. Haremos un recorte, en este texto, basado en los gestos que nos son dados a ver y leer y examinaremos, a partir de ellos, el lugar dado a la historia en la vida del infans, el concepto de niño y de la familia en el que se soportó el experimento original y el modo en que los relatos despliegan esas marcas ¿singularmente?

The Documentary, give us to see in a peculiar way an experiment carried out with human beings in the 60s. The scenario that cuts out arbitrates the opening for different axes of interest that concern ethics as dilemmas, but at the same time, problems that the practice itself constructs. We will make a route, in this text, based on the gestures that we are given to see and read, and we will examine, based on them, the place given to history in the life of infans, the concept of the child and the family in which the original experiment was supported and the way in which the stories display those marks, singularly?

De la audición a la escucha. Reflexiones desde el campo psicoeducativo, el pensamiento ético y el derecho a la identidad en torno al cortometraje The Silent Child (Chris Overton, 2017) / From hearing to listening Reflections from the psychoeducational field, ethical thinking and the right to identity around the short film The Silent Child (Chris Overton, 2017)

The Silent Child (Chris Overton, 2017), recibió el premio Oscar de la Academia al mejor cortometraje en su 90° edición, 2018. Además de sus méritos estéticos, tiene la virtud de incluir una multiplicidad de temas relativos al campo psicoeducativo, a la ética profesional y al Derecho a la Identidad. Para abordar esta complejidad se convocó a cuatro profesoras y tres tesistas de posgrado de la Universidad de Buenos Aires para que aportaran ideas desde sus respectivas especialidades. Este artículo es el resultado de esa interlocución, en su fase inicial a través de los escritos presentados por cada una de ellas. Se espera que en su carácter introductorio promueva nuevas indagaciones, contribuyendo a un pensamiento interdisciplinario en el ámbito de la salud y la educación.

The Silent Child (Chris Overton, 2017), received the Academy Award for best short film in its 90th edition, 2018. In addition to its aesthetic merits, it has the virtue of including a multiplicity of topics related to the psychoeducational field, to the professional ethics and the Right to Identity. To address this complexity, four professors and three postgraduate thesis students from the University of Buenos Aires were invited to contribute ideas from their respective specialties. This article is the result of this dialogue, in its initial phase through the writings presented by each of them. This introductory article is expected to promote new inquiries, contributing to interdisciplinary thinking in the field of health and education.

Experimental Analysis of the Enzymatic Degradation of Polycaprolactone: Microcrystalline Cellulose Composites and Numerical Method for the Prediction of the Degraded Geometry.

The degradation rate of polycaprolactone (PCL) is a key issue when using this material in Tissue Engineering or eco-friendly packaging sectors. Although different PCL-based composite materials have been suggested in the literature and extensively tested in terms of processability by material extrusion additive manufacturing, little attention has been paid to the influence of the fillers on the mechanical properties of the material during degradation. This work analyses the possibility of tuning the degradation rate of PCL-based filaments by the introduction of microcrystalline cellulose into the polymer matrix. The enzymatic degradation of the composite and pure PCL materials were compared in terms of mass loss, mechanical properties, morphology and infrared spectra. The results showed an increased degradation rate of the composite material due to the presence of the filler (enhanced interaction with the enzymes). Additionally, a new numerical method for the prediction of the degraded geometry was developed. The method, based on the Monte Carlo Method in an iterative process, adjusts the degradation probability according to the exposure of each discretized element to the degradation media. This probability is also amplified depending on the corresponding experimental mass loss, thus allowing a good fit to the experimental data in relatively few iterations.

On the Effectiveness of Oxygen Plasma and Alkali Surface Treatments to Modify the Properties of Polylactic Acid Scaffolds.

Surface modification of 3D-printed PLA structures is a major issue in terms of increasing the biofunctionality and expanding the tissue engineering applications of these parts. In this paper, different exposure times were used for low-pressure oxygen plasma applied to PLA 3D-printed scaffolds. Alkali surface treatments were also evaluated, aiming to compare the modifications introduced on the surface properties by each strategy. Surface-treated samples were characterized through the quantification of carboxyl groups, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, water contact angle measurements, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis. The change in the surface properties was studied over a two-week period. In addition, an enzymatic degradation analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of the surface treatments on the degradation profile of the 3D structures. The physicochemical characterization results suggest different mechanism pathways for each type of treatment. Alkali-treated scaffolds showed a higher concentration of carboxyl groups on their surface, which enhanced the enzymatic degradation rate, but were also proven to be more aggressive towards 3D-printed structures. In contrast, the application of the plasma treatments led to an increased hydrophilicity of the PLA surface without affecting the bulk properties. However, the changes on the properties were less steady over time.

La identidad un modo posible de abordar el cambio de identidad en los nietos restituidos / The identity a possible way of addressing identity change in returned grand children

Suele confundirse a la Identidad con la mismidad. El desafío de este trabajo es poner en tensión el concepto de la identidad a partir de la instauración del Derecho a la Identidad, en torno al caso argentino de apropiación de niños e identidades, leyendo desde su antecedente jurídico el Derecho a la Identidad Personal, como se consigue en la actualidad, convivir con la diferencia, con la otredad sin reducir a la identidad a lo mismo, sino al modo en que cada uno puede reconocerse a partir del modo en que ese deseo del Otro lo habita y, a su vez, lo nómina

Identity is often confused with selfhood. The purpose of this work is to put in tension the concept of identity from the establishment of the Right to Identity, around the argentine case of appropriation of children and identities, reading from it´s legal antecedent the Right to Personal Identity, as is currently achieved, living with difference, with otherness without reducing it to identity to the self, but to the way in which each one can be recognized from the way in which that desire of the Other inhabits him and, in turn, nominates him

Three-dimensional printed polycaprolactone-microcrystalline cellulose scaffolds.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is proposed in this study as an additive in polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices to obtain three-dimensional (3D) printed scaffolds with improved mechanical and biological properties. Improving the mechanical behavior and the biological performance of polycaprolactone-based scaffolds allows to increase the potential of these structures for bone tissue engineering. Different groups of samples were evaluated in order to analyze the effect of the additive in the properties of the PCL matrix. The concentrations of MCC in the groups of samples were 0, 2, 5, and 10% (w/w). These combinations were subjected to a thermogravimetric analysis in order to evaluate the influence of the additive in the thermal properties of the composites. 3D printed scaffolds were manufactured with a commercial 3D printer based on fused deposition modelling. The operation conditions have been established in order to obtain scaffolds with a 0/90° pattern with pore sizes between 450 and 500 µm and porosity values between 50 and 60%. The mechanical properties of these structures were measured in the compression and flexural modes. The scaffolds containing 2 and 5% MCC have higher flexural and compression elastic modulus, although those containing 10% do not show this reinforcement effect. On the other hand, the proliferation of sheep bone marrow cells on the proposed scaffolds was evaluated over 8 days. The results show that the proliferation is significantly better (p < 0.05) on the group of samples containing 2% MCC. Therefore, these scaffolds (PCL:MCC 98:2) have suitable properties to be further evaluated for bone tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B: 521-528, 2019.

Arkangel. Arcángel: La opacidad: Del otro lado del espejo ¿Una mirada? / Arkangel Opacity: the other side of the mirror. Do a look?

Transmisión, control, ver, mirada, angustia, tecnología, neo-parentalidad, voracidad materna, ausencia de deseo, demanda. Ese es el mundo que Marie le ofrece a Sara pero. Mirar y ver no son lo mismo. Aprender a ver requiere de otro humano que sostenga esa mirada. La tecnología juega al límite entre lo humano y lo inhumano y Sara se revela ante estos nuevos ¿arcángeles?

Transmission, control, to see, to look, distress, technology, neo- parenthood, mother voracity, absence of desire, demand. This is the world that Marie offers to Sara but; looking and seeing aren't the same. To learn to see needs another human being that supports this look. The technology plays with the limit between the human and the inhumane, and Sara is opposed to this new… archangels?

Juguemos a los nudos a los nudos con P: consideraciones sobre el padre nombrante en un caso de apropiación / Let's play to the knots with P: considerations on the fathes nombrante in a case of appropriation / restitution

La apropiación de niños puso en jaque la cuestión de la filiación y el lugar del padre. La noción de nominación, presentada por Lacan en el Seminario 22, permite discutir el modo en que se presenta la cuestión del padre en los casos de apropiación de menores. La novedad que Lacan introduce en este seminario es que esa versión del padre ­père-version- que anuda a los hijos y a las generaciones, posibilitando el lazo social, puede ser una nominación imaginaria, simbólica o real: cuarto anillo que mantiene unidos a los tres registros. Se trata de la anticipación del concepto de sinthome introducido por Lacan en su seminario siguiente como reparación del lapsus del nudo. El presente trabajo discute estos complejos temas a partir del tratamiento terapéutico de una niña que fue objeto de apropiación ilegal por parte de la dictadura militar Argentina de 1976-1983.

Children\'s appropriation questioned the subject of filiation and the place of the father. The idea of nomination, presented by Lacan in the Seminar 22, allows to discuss the way in which one presents the issue of the father in cases of minor\'s appropriation. The innovation that Lacan introduces in this seminar is that this version of the father - père-version- that knots the children and the generations, making the social bow possible, can be an imaginary, symbolic or real nomination: a fourth ring, that keeps joined three dimensions. In this way Lacan anticipates the concept of sinthome introduced in his following seminar as a repair of the knot's failure. The present paper discusses these complex subjects based on the therapeutic treatment of a girl who was appropriated by the military argentine dictatorship 1976-1983.

El destino de las marcas. Algunas consideraciones sobre la apropiación de niños / The destination of the brands. Some considerations on the children's appropriation

El presente escrito expone algunas líneas de trabajo del proyecto de Beca de Culminación de Doctorado que lleva por título Identidad y Nominación. Abordaje del problema de la identidad en los casos de apropiación/restitución de niños en la Argentina, con el objeto de avanzar en la precisión del estatuto de las marcas que el apropiador transmite al apropiado y las condiciones de estructuración de un sujeto en ese contexto. Indagamos aquí el destino de las marcas de la apropiación con el fin de abordar el problema de la identidad en los sujetos apropiados: durante el período de la apropiación y en el momento de la eventual restitución. Tomaremos para ello un caso clínico, el caso P., una niña de dos años apropiada en 1978, durante el terrorismo de estado en la Argentina.

This paper exposes some work lines of the project of Culmination of Doctoral Grant: Identity and Naming. Approach to the problem of identity in appropriation/restitution cases in the Argentina, in order to advance in the elucidation of the statute of the marks that the appropriator transmits to the appropriated and the conditions of structure of a subjectivity in this context. We investigate here the destiny of the marks of the appropriation in order to approach the problem of the identity in the appropriated subjects: during the period of the appropriation and in the moment of the eventual restitution. We will take for it a clinical case, the case P., appropriated two years old girl in 1978, during Argentina state terrorism.

Una pequeña historia, un nudo entre trauma e historia: algunos comentarios a partir de un caso de apropiación / A small history, a knot between trauma and it tells the history of: some comments from a case of appropriation

En el presente escrito abordamos la tesis central, de la propuesta novedosa de Françoise Davoine y Jean Max Gaudillère, sobre la articulación entre trauma e historia para pensar el tratamiento de la locura en los afectados por las guerras mundiales: la incidencia de la Gran Historia en las pequeñas historias, con el fin de ponerla en relación con un escenario local, el recorte de un caso clínico de apropiación /restitución de niños.

El cuerpo hablante. Algunas consideraciones sobre la paternidad a partir del caso Ingrid / The speaking body

El "caso Ingrid" o "Paternidad o Derecho a no saber" tal como lo titula Mayana Zatz nos ofrece la posibilidad de interrogar el quehacer profesional respecto de una situación que a simple vista pareciera referirse a una intervención médica sobre una posible falla a remediar: la transmisión de la hemofilia de una madre a su hijo. No obstante, el interrogante allí planteado ¿qué ocurre cuándo la duda sobre la paternidad ­en este caso, precisamente, que el examen genético revela que quien se creía que era el padre no es tal- revela secretos que la familia querría que permaneciesen ocultos?, nos conduce a reconocer allí una complejidad mayor que aquella que podría dirimirse en el terreno dilemático. Se trata de interrogar ahí el problema de la paternidad, el lugar del padre para un sujeto, la filiación simbólica más allá del dato biológico de su concepción, aquello que hace familia, lo que se trasmite además de los genes, lo que se hereda del padre y cómo ese decir, esas marcas de lalengua hacen un cuerpo.

The case "Ingrid" or "Paternity or the right to not to know" as Mayana Zatz titles it offers us the possibility of interrogating the professional occupation respect of a situation that to simple sight seemed to refer to a medical intervention on a possible fault to remedying: the transmission of haemophilia from mother to son. Nevertheless, the question there raised what does happen when the doubt on the paternity -in this case, precisely, that the genetic examination reveals that the one who believed himself that he was the father is not such- reveals secrets that the family would like that they were remaining secret?, it drives us to admit there a major complexity that that one that might be dissolved in the dilemmatic area. The point is to question there the problem of paternity, the place of the father for a subject, the symbolic filiation beyond the biological data of conception, that which makes family, which is transmitted besides the genes, which is inherited from the father and how this saying, these marks of lalengua makes body.

Restitución de niños: qué decisión? / Children's restitution: what decision?

En este trabajo examinaremos la decisión de la restitución precisando los modos en que se la ha pensado y el impacto subjetivo que ese acto conlleva. Abordaremos las perspectivas subjetiva y jurídica de esta decisión. Articularemos esos desarrollos con un caso clínico de una niña apropiada en 1978, a los 23 meses de edad, durante el terrorismo de estado en la Argentina, y el caso de Victoria Montenegro a partir de sus dichos públicos sobre su restitución.

Restitución de niños: qué decisión? / Childrens restitution: what decision?

En este trabajo examinaremos la decisión de la restitución precisando los modos en que se la ha pensado y el impacto subjetivo que ese acto conlleva. Abordaremos las perspectivas subjetiva y jurídica de esta decisión. Articularemos esos desarrollos con un caso clínico de una niña apropiada en 1978, a los 23 meses de edad, durante el terrorismo de estado en la Argentina, y el caso de Victoria Montenegro a partir de sus dichos públicos sobre su restitución.(AU)

¿Quiénes son los verdaderos padres? Consideraciones sobre el padre en la apropiación de niños / Who are real parents? Considerations on the father in children’s appropriation

Pater semper incertus est, así reza la antigua fórmula jurídica citada por Freud en La novela Familiar del neurótico. Es la verdad fundacional sobre la filiación del viviente sostenida por Freud y Lacan en su enseñanza y que los ha conducido a interrogarse por el estatuto del padre y su función. Dicha incertidumbre constitutiva sobre la paternidad conlleva un acto de fe sobre quién es el padre, que recae en aquél que lo nombra como tal. Entonces, ¿como dirimir la cuestión del padre? ¿Cómo situar el lugar del que posibilita la filiación y la genealogía al encadenar al sujeto con una historia que lo inscribe en una serie generacional?Se presenta aquí un apartado específico de la investigación que vengo realizando sobre El padre en la apropiación de niños. Un estudio sobre la función del padre en la filiación en los casos de apropiación de niños en la Argentina entre 1976-1983, referido a las discusiones generadas sobre el lugar del padre y su función, en el marco del plan sistemático de apropiación de niños e identidades el cual desbarató el orden generacional, desapareciendo un linaje, una historia, afectando, por lo menos, a tres generaciones e impidiendo que una transmisión sea posible.

Percepción de los estudiantes de la especialización en enfermeras sobre tutpría clínica en áreas críticas / Perception of the students of the specialization in nurses on clinical tutpría in critical areas / Percepção dos estudantes da especialização em enfermeiros em tutpría clínica em áreas críticas

La presente investigación es un acercamiento al fenómeno de la tutoría clínica en áreas críticas, el objetivo fue analizar la percepción que tienen los estudiantes de la especialización en enfermería que realizan prácticas en áreas críticas respecto a la forma que se lleva a cabo y la función que cumple la tutoría. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa en el marco dela fenomenología interpretativa. Para la obtención de datos se diseñó una entrevista semi estructurada con preguntas tema, se aplicó a seis estudiantes que cursaron el segundo semestre de la especialización en enfermería del adulto en estado crítico. El análisis de datos se realizó de acuerdo al análisis de contenido; surgieron cinco categorías: percepción del estudiante, fortalezas y debilidades vividas, mediación para el aprendizaje, entorno situacional de la tutoría y función y finalidad. La percepción del estudiante permitió identificar los aciertos y faltas en la dinámica establecida en este proceso: correlacionado con lo revisado en la literatura se cumplen los objetivos del estudio por lo que se considera que la tutoría clínica es el proceso pedagógico que contribuye a la formación de especialistas en enfermería, los conocimientos y actividades que logran vincular de acuerdo a su función forman un plan programado orientado a apoyar y asesorar el proceso de aprendizaje, indispensable en determinados momentos o en situaciones específicas de la práctica clínica.

This research is an approach to the phenomenon of clinical tutoring in critical care, the objetive was to analyze the students´ perception of specialization in nursing who practice in critical care as to how that is donde and the role meets tutoring. This is a qualitative research within the framework of interpreve phenomenology. To obtain design data is a semi-structured interview with questions theme was applied to six students who completed the second half of specialization in Adult Nursing in critical condition. Data analysis was performed according to content analysis, five categorires emerged: Perceptions of student strengths and weaknesses experienced, mediation for learning, situational environment of mentoring and role and purpose. The perception of the student identified the successes and failures in the dynamics established in this process correlated with the literatura reviewed in compliance with the objectives of the study so it is considered that the clinical mentoring is the pedagogical process that contributes to the formation of nurse specialists, knowledge and activities that link does according to its function and form of a plkan designed to support an assist the learning process, essential at certain time or in specific situations, in cllinical practice.

Esta pesquisa é uma abordagem ao fenômeno de tutoria clínica em áreas críticas, o objetivo foi analisar a percepção dos estudantes que se formam nas práticas de desempenho de enfermagem em áreas críticas a respeito de como ele é realizado e função ele conhece a tutoria. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa no âmbito da fenomenologia interpretativa. Para coleta de dados a entrevista semi-estruturada com perguntas destinadas tema, seis estudantes que tenham concluído no segundo semestre de especialização em enfermagem gravemente doente adulto foi aplicado. A análise dos dados foi realizada de acordo com a análise de conteúdo; Eles emergiram cinco categorias: percepção dos pontos fortes e fracos dos alunos experientes, a mediação para a aprendizagem, ambiente situacional mentoring e função e finalidade. A percepção do aluno identificou os sucessos e fracassos nas dinâmicas estabelecidas neste processo correlacionado com objetivos do estudo da literatura revista por isso é considerado que a orientação clínica é o processo pedagógico que contribui para a formação de met especialistas de enfermagem, conhecimentos e atividades que não conseguem ligar a sua função de acordo com um plano programado são projetados para apoiar e aconselhar o processo de aprendizagem, que é essencial em determinados momentos ou em situações específicas de prática clínica.

Falta, pérdida y causa: un caso de apropiación / Lack of, loss and reason: a case of appropriation

En lo que sigue trabajaremos el modo en que Lacan presenta a la alienación y la separación, operaciones de causación del sujeto en los Seminarios 11 Los cuatro conceptos fundamentales del psicoanálisis (1964) y 14 La lógica del fantasma (1966-67) con el in de articular esos desarrollos con un caso clínico de una niña apropiada en 1978, durante el terrorismo de estado en la Argentina, a los 23 meses de edad. Es decir, con las icciones, efectos de verdad, producidas por la sujeto durante su análisis.

In this paper we present the way in which Lacan presents Alienation and Separation, birth of subject´s operations in Seminars 11 Four fundamental concepts of the psychoanalysis (1964) and 14 Phantome´s logic (1966-67), in order to articulate those developments with a clinical case of a girl appropriated in 1978, during the state terrorism in Argentina, when she was 23 months of age. That is to say, with the ictions, true´s effects, produced by the subject during her analysis.

Objetivo niños: ¿el niño objeto de una causalidad programada? Algunas consideraciones en torno a la apropiación de niños en la última dictadura militar en la Argentina 1976-1983: the child do i object of una programmed causality? Some considerations around the children's appropriation in the last military dictatorship in the Argentina 1976-1983 / I target children

En este escrito rastrearemos la concepción de niño como objeto. Concepción que puede ser hallada en diferentes discursos que han indagado por el lugar del niño en la estructura social y familiar. Entre ellos situaremos algunas referencias de la historia de la infancia con el fin de situar el lugar del niño como objeto en lo social, del ámbito derecho y de los derechos humanos; y ubicaremos aquello que el psicoanálisis puede aportar en su especificidad respecto de la posición de objeto. Tomaremos luego el caso de una niña apropiada a los 23 meses de edad, y restituida aún siendo niña: P., para leer su posición de objeto del goce del Otro en la sumisión de la pequeña al discurso del apropiador, como así también, su resistencia a ser tomada toda por dicho discurso: resistencia del inconciente a la apropiación.

In this paper we will trace the child's conception as an object. Concepcion that can be found in different speeches which they have investigated for the place of the child in the social and familiar structure. Among them we will place some references of the history of the infancy, in order to place the place of the child as object in the social thing, of the law area and of the human rights and, finally, we will locate that one that the psychoanalysis can contribute in its specificity respect of the position of object. We will take then the case of a girl appropriated at 23 months of age, and returned being a girl: P., to read her position of object of satisfaction of the Other, the appropriator; as well her resistance to be taken by his speech: resistance of the inconciente to the appropriation.